Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers
Unit I Introduction to OS concepts : Evolution of OS, OS structure - kernel, shell, Operating system (OS) modes, services and functions Introduction to Operating System : Operating System Operations and Functions, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing System Operating System Structure : System Calls Process Management: Process Concept, Life Cycle, Process states, Process scheduling, Operations on processes, Process control box.
Unit II CPU Scheduling: CPU scheduler and dispatcher, Scheduling criteria, CPU scheduler- preemptive and non-preemptive, Scheduling Algorithms, First come first serve, Shortest job first, Priority, Round robin, Multilevel feedback queue.
Unit III Threads : Overview, Multithreading Models Process Synchronization,Critical Section Problem, Dining Philosopher Problem,Reader-writer Problem etc, Semaphores, Monitors, Synchronization hardware, Critical section problem - Two process solution, Peterson's Solution
Unit IV Deadlock : Deadlock Characterization, Handling, Handling of deadlocks- Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance & Detection, Deadlock Recovery, Starvation, Critical regions Information management,Files and directories, Directory structure, Directory implementation - linear list and hash table File Management, Allocation methods, Free-Space Management
Unit V Memory Management: Objectives and functions, Simple resident monitor program, Overlays -swapping, Schemes - Paging - simple and multi-level, Fragmentation -internal and external, Virtual memory concept, Demand paging, Page interrupt fault, Page replacement algorithms, Segmentation - simple, multi-level and with paging
Unit VI Protection and Security : Goals of protection, Domain of protection, Access matrix, System and network threats, User authentication Device management : Dedicated, shared and virtual devices, Serial access and direct access devices, Disk scheduling methods, Direct Access Storage Devices –Channels and Control Units ,Inter process communication : Introduction to IPC (Inter-process communication) Methods, Pipes - popen and pclose functions, Shared memory, Message queues Recent trends : Case studies on Windows 10, Case studies on Android platform.
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